Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Overview

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects the ovaries and can impact the entire body. It is common among women of childbearing age and, if untreated, may lead to serious health issues. Ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released for fertilization. In PCOS, hormone imbalances can prevent ovulation, leading to the formation of small cysts on the ovaries. These cysts produce androgens—hormones typically higher in men but present in women in smaller amounts. Elevated androgen levels disrupt menstrual cycles and contribute to PCOS symptoms^[1]. 

Causes of PCOS

The exact cause of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear, but it is believed to be linked to a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. A family history of PCOS or hormonal disorders may increase the risk, suggesting a genetic component. Lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and weight can also influence hormone levels and insulin resistance, which are often associated with PCOS. Additionally, environmental influences, including exposure to certain chemicals or stress, may play a role in its development^[2].

Signs of PCOS

These are common signs associated with PCOS^[3]: 

• Irregular periods: Menstrual cycles may be inconsistent, with missed periods or no periods at all. Some may experience unusually heavy bleeding.
• Excess hair growth: Many individuals develop thick, excessive hair on the face, chest, arms, or abdomen (hirsutism), affecting up to 70% of those with PCOS.
• Acne: Persistent breakouts can occur on the face, chest, and back, often continuing beyond adolescence and being resistant to treatment.
• Weight challenges: Between 40% and 80% of those with PCOS struggle with obesity and find it difficult to maintain a healthy weight.
• Skin darkening: Patches of darker skin, known as acanthosis nigricans, may develop in areas such as the neck, underarms, groin, or beneath the breasts.
• Ovarian cysts: Many with PCOS have enlarged ovaries or multiple small fluid-filled sacs (follicles) visible on an ultrasound.
• Skin tags: Small, soft skin growths commonly appear in areas like the neck and underarms.
• Hair thinning: Some individuals experience hair loss or balding, particularly on the scalp.
• Infertility: PCOS is a leading cause of infertility, as irregular or absent ovulation can make conception difficult.

PCOS and TCIH Approaches

In addition to conventional treatments, several complementary therapies can support the healing process and help manage PCOS more effectively:

• Acupuncture: Studies indicate that acupuncture can significantly improve insulin sensitivity in patients with PCOS, aiding in the management of hyperglycemia by increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing blood glucose and insulin levels. Additionally, acupuncture appears to regulate hormonal imbalances by reducing luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, which is crucial for restoring normal ovarian function and improving ovulation rates. These effects collectively contribute to alleviating symptoms associated with PCOS and enhancing reproductive health^[4].
• Herbal medicine: Herbal medicine can help manage PCOS by balancing hormones and improving insulin sensitivity. Research has shown that Vitex agnus-castus reduces hirsutism by lowering androgen levels, while liquorice, ginseng, and cinnamon aid in regulating blood sugar. Stachys lavandulifolia and fennel help reduce estrogen and endometrial hyperplasia, improving reproductive health. These plant-based remedies offer a natural approach to easing PCOS symptoms^[4].
• Nutrition: Nutritionists play a crucial role in managing Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) by developing personalized dietary plans that focus on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products. These balanced eating habits help control weight and regulate blood sugar levels. They also recommend regular, balanced meals and snacks to prevent skipped meals, which can negatively affect insulin levels. By tailoring nutrition strategies to individual needs, nutritionists help alleviate PCOS symptoms and enhance overall health^[5].