PMT/PMS and menstrual issues

Overview

Premenstrual Tension (PMT) or Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)refers to a range of physical and emotional symptoms that appear one to two weeks before menstruation begins. These symptoms can sometimes be intense. The condition is thought to be linked to hormonal fluctuations or a decrease in hormone levels leading up to the period, although much remains unclear about its exact causes^[1]. 

PMS can impact women of all ages, from adolescence through to menopause. It’s typically used to describe when symptoms are severe enough to interfere with daily activities and overall well-being. These effects can hinder work performance and disrupt personal relationships, leading to tension with loved ones^[2].

Causes of PMT/PMS

While the main cause of PMS/PMT remains unclear, it is believed to be connected to the natural fluctuations in hormone levels that occur throughout the menstrual cycle^[3].  

Symptoms of PMT/PMS

These are common symptoms associated with PMT/PMS^[2]: 

• Mental Symptoms: PMS can bring on emotional changes like irritability, where you may feel more easily annoyed than usual. Fatigue is common, leaving you feeling drained or low-energy. Many women also experience sudden mood swings, going from feeling fine to upset quickly. Anxiety or worry can increase, and a drop in self-confidence is often reported during this time.
• Physical Symptoms: Physical symptoms often include sore or swollen breasts, which can be uncomfortable. Bloating in the stomach makes you feel full or puffed up. Swelling in the hands or feet is common, leading to tightness or discomfort in shoes. Weight gain can occur due to water retention, and you may also experience more frequent or intense headaches.
• Behavioural Symptoms: Cognitive abilities like focus, memory, and concentration can be affected, making it harder to stay on task or remember things. Thinking and speaking clearly might become more challenging, and listening or processing information may feel slower. Increased aggression or frustration may also occur, leading to a more reactive or short-tempered attitude.

PMT/PMS and TCIH Approaches

In addition to conventional treatments, several complementary health approaches can help manage PMT/PMS more effectively:

• Ayurveda: According to Ayurvedic principles, PMS is often linked to an aggravated Vata dosha, which disrupts the balance of Pitta and Kapha. Ayurveda focuses on restoring balance through dietary and lifestyle adjustments (Mithyahar Vihar), herbal remedies, and therapies aimed at calming Vata, such as warm oils, specific yoga practices, and stress-reducing techniques. By targeting the root causes of the disorder, Ayurveda can provide effective relief from the discomforts of PMS and promote overall menstrual health^[4].
• Nutrition: Nutrition plays a crucial role in managing PMS by addressing hormonal fluctuations and nutrient deficiencies, particularly in vitamin B6, magnesium, and calcium. While evidence on specific foods and nutrients is limited, studies suggest that micronutrients like calcium, magnesium, and B vitamins may help reduce symptoms. A balanced, personalized diet can support overall health and alleviate PMS discomfort. Educating women about the role in PMS can help them make informed choices for better self-care^[5].
• Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a holistic approach to treating PMS by addressing both the symptoms and their root causes. TCM recognizes patterns like Qi stagnation, blood deficiency, and "spleen" Qi deficiency, which can cause physical and emotional symptoms of PMS. Acupuncture helps balance hormones, improve circulation, and reduce stress, while herbal remedies target these imbalances. Lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, sufficient sleep, and a diet that avoids cold foods and includes blood-nourishing options, can also ease PMS. TCM offers personalized treatments to restore balance and improve overall health^[6].