Breast cancer

Overview

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the breast tissue. These cells can form a lump and may spread to other parts of the body. It primarily affects women, though men can also develop it. Early detection through screenings and advances in treatment have improved outcomes. Risk factors include age, genetics, and lifestyle, but the exact causes are often unclear^[1]. 

Causes of Breast Cancer

The exact cause of breast cancer is unknown, but certain factors, like hormones, lifestyle, and environmental influences, can increase the risk. However, it's unclear why some people with no risk factors develop cancer, while others with risk factors don't. Breast cancer likely results from a complex interaction between genetics and environmental factors^[1].

Signs of Breast Cancer

Some common signs of breast cancer include^[2]:

• Lumps and Swelling: New growths or unusual swelling in the breast or underarms may indicate cancer.
• Skin Changes: Alterations like dimpling or redness could signal a problem.
• Nipple Issues: Pain or changes in the nipple, like retraction, might be signs of cancer.
• Unusual Discharge: Discharge from the nipple, especially blood, is concerning.
• Size or Shape Changes: Any noticeable changes in the breast's appearance could be a warning.
• Pain: Unexplained breast pain can also be a sign of potential cancer.

Breast Cancer and TCIH Approaches

Proper treatment for breast cancer is essential to manage the disease and improve outcomes, as it often requires a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies^[3]. Given global screening programs for breast cancer, it is important to note the potential for over diagnosis of cancers which are slow growing or unlikely to cause decline in health, which can lead to excessive treatment^[4]. However, TCIH approaches can play a supportive role in enhancing a patient's well-being:

• Acupressure: A recent study suggests that acupressure could offer an affordable, at-home remedy for a range of lingering side effects experienced after breast cancer treatment. In 2016, researchers from the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center discovered that acupressure was effective in reducing fatigue in breast cancer survivors. Their latest research focused on the impact of acupressure on other common symptoms such as chronic pain, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances^[5]. 
• Ayurveda: Ayurveda can play a supportive role in the management of breast cancer by using herbs that target multiple pathways involved in the disease. These herbs are selected not only for their potential in preventing cancer but also for their ability to complement conventional treatments^[6]. 
• Myofascial Release Therapy: Research suggests myofascial release (MFR) therapy may help reduce pain in breast cancer patients, especially those with lymphedema. A study indicated that MFR, used alongside other treatments, led to greater pain relief than a placebo MFR treatment. While the study's design limits definitive conclusions about MFR's isolated effect on lymphedema, the observed pain reduction and improved function suggest it's a potentially valuable addition to supportive care for these patients^[7].