ADD/ADHD

Overview

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) describes individuals who struggle with significant concentration issues without showing other symptoms typically associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), such as impulsiveness or hyperactivity¹. Previously, different forms of attention-deficit disorder were categorized separately. However, in 1994, medical professionals consolidated these diagnoses under the umbrella term "attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder" (ADHD), regardless of whether hyperactivity was present. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that influences behaviour which interferes with maintaining focus and acting impulsively. People with ADHD may appear constantly active and have difficulty controlling their immediate reactions. 

Signs of ADHD

• Inattention: Children and teenagers with ADHD often struggle with inattention, which makes it difficult for them to focus, stay on task, and block out distractions. These difficulties are evident in everyday activities, where they may frequently make careless mistakes or have trouble following instructions. Their attention spans tend to be shorter than their peers, and they may find it challenging to concentrate on one thing for an extended period. Daydreaming is a common issue, where they seem lost in their thoughts even when trying to pay attention. They can also be easily distracted by external stimuli, such as sounds, sights, or their own internal thoughts. This leads to forgetfulness, like misplacing items, missing appointments, or failing to remember important details or instructions. Additionally, children with ADHD often struggle with organizing tasks or managing their time effectively, which can make completing assignments and following through with plans difficult².
• Hyperactivity: Hyperactivity is another hallmark of ADHD, where children and teenagers exhibit an unusually high level of energy, making it hard for them to remain still or quiet. This can manifest as constant fidgeting, whether it’s moving their hands, feet, or legs, even during situations that require stillness, such as in class or at the dinner table. Restlessness is common, and these children may have difficulty staying seated for even short periods. This hyperactivity is also accompanied by excessive talking, where they may interrupt others or speak out of turn, blurting out answers before the question is finished. They may also engage in behaviours like running around or climbing when it's not appropriate, such as in a classroom setting or during quiet activities. The combination of these behaviours makes it challenging for them to focus on tasks, interact appropriately with others, and participate in more structured environments.
• Impulsivity: Another sign of ADHD is impulsivity, where children and teenagers often act without thinking or considering the consequences of their actions. They may have a hard time waiting for their turn in conversations, becoming impatient and frustrated if they are asked to wait, whether it's in a line or while participating in group activities. This impulsive behaviour also shows up in situations where they speak out of turn, blurting out answers or interrupting others without thinking. In more extreme cases, impulsivity can lead to reckless decision-making, where children engage in activities without assessing the risks involved, such as taking physical risks or participating in unsafe behaviours. Their lack of impulse control can result in consequences that affect their social interactions, academic performance, and even their physical well-being³.

ADD/ADHD and TCIH Approaches

• Art therapy: Art therapy can be an effective tool for individuals with ADD/ADHD, offering a creative outlet to manage their emotions and behaviours. The process allows clients to express themselves in a nonverbal way, which can be particularly helpful for those who struggle with focus or verbal communication. Through artistic expression, individuals can work through difficult emotions, resolve conflicts, and gain better insight into their inner world. Art therapy also supports the development of interpersonal skills, as clients may engage in group activities that promote social interaction⁴.
• Breathwork: Breathwork can be a valuable tool for individuals with ADHD, helping to alleviate some of the challenges associated with the condition, such as difficulties with focus, organization, and emotional regulation. Many people with ADHD experience heightened stress and overwhelm, and incorporating structured breathing techniques into their daily routine can offer significant relief⁵.
• Yoga and Meditation: Yoga and meditation have been shown to have a positive impact on various symptoms of ADHD in children, including difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These practices encourage mindfulness and body awareness, helping children to better focus their attention and manage their energy⁶.
• Neurofeedback: Over the past five years, more than 20 studies have explored the effectiveness of neurofeedback for people with ADHD. While some research suggests that neurofeedback can help improve attention, reduce hyperactivity, and enhance self-regulation, other studies have shown limited or inconsistent benefits. The variability in outcomes may be due to differences in study design, treatment protocols, and individual responses to the technique. Despite the mixed findings, neurofeedback continues to be an area of interest for ADHD treatment, with ongoing research needed to better understand its potential and effectiveness as part of a comprehensive treatment plan⁷.